U.S. Governments Role in Sterilizing Women of Color

Imagine going to the hospital for a common surgical procedure such as an appendectomy, only to find out afterward that you’d been sterilized. In the 20th century, untold numbers of women of color endured such life-altering experiences in part because of medical racism. Black, Native American, and Puerto Rican women report being sterilized without their consent after undergoing routine medical procedures or after giving birth. Others say they unknowingly signed documentation allowing them to be sterilized or were coerced into doing so. The experiences of these women strained relations between people of color and healthcare personnel. In the 21st century, members of communities of color still widely distrust medical officials. Black Women Sterilized in North Carolina Countless numbers of Americans who were poor, mentally ill, from minority backgrounds or otherwise regarded as â€Å"undesirable† were sterilized as the eugenics movement gained momentum in the United States. Eugenicists believed that measures should be taken to prevent undesirables from reproducing so that problems such as poverty and substance abuse would be eliminated in future generations. By the 1960s, tens of thousands of Americans were sterilized in state run eugenics programs, according to NBC News. North Carolina was one of 31 states to adopt such a program. Between 1929 and 1974 in North Carolina, 7,600 people were sterilized. Eighty-five percent of those sterilized were women and girls, while 40 percent were minorities (most of whom were black). The eugenics program was eliminated in 1977 but legislation permitting involuntary sterilization of residents remained on the books until 2003. Since then, the state has tried to devise a way to compensate those it sterilized. Up to 2,000 victims were believed to be still living in 2011. Elaine Riddick, an African American woman, is one of the survivors. She says she was sterilized after giving birth in 1967 to a child she conceived after a neighbor raped her when she was just 13 years old. â€Å"Got to the hospital and they put me in a room and that’s all I remember,† she told NBC News. â€Å"When I woke up, I woke up with bandages on my stomach.† She didn’t discover that she’d been sterilized until a doctor informed her that she’d been â€Å"butchered† when Riddick  was unable to have children with her husband. The state’s eugenics board ruled that she should be sterilized after she was described in records as â€Å"promiscuous† and â€Å"feebleminded.† Puerto Rican Women Robbed of Reproductive Rights More than a third of women in the U.S. territory of Puerto Rico were sterilized from the 1930s to the 1970s as a result of a partnership between the U.S. government, Puerto Rican lawmakers and medical officials. The United States has ruled the island since 1898. In the decades following, Puerto Rico experienced a number of economic problems, including a high unemployment rate. Government officials decided that the island’s economy would experience a boost if the population were reduced. Many of the women targeted for sterilization were reportedly working class, as doctors didn’t think poor women could manage to effectively use contraception. Moreover, many women received sterilizations for free or for very little money as they entered the work force. Before long, Puerto Rico won the dubious distinction of having the world’s highest sterilization rate. So common was the procedure that it was widely known as â€Å"La Operacion† among islanders. Thousands of men in Puerto Rico underwent sterilizations as well. Roughly a third of Puerto Ricans sterilized reportedly did not understand the nature of the procedure, including that it meant they would not be able to bear children in the future. Sterilization was not the only way in which Puerto Rican women’s reproductive rights were violated. U.S. pharmaceutical researchers also experimented on Puerto Rican women for human trials of the birth control pill in the 1950s. Many women experienced severe side effects such as nausea and vomiting. Three even died. The participants had not been told that  the birth control pill was experimental and that they were participating in a clinical trial, only that they were taking medication to prevent pregnancy. The researchers in that study were later accused of exploiting women of color to acquire FDA approval of their drug. The Sterilization of Native American Women Native American women also report enduring government-ordered sterilizations. Jane Lawrence details their experiences in her Summer 2000 piece for American Indian Quarterly—â€Å"The Indian Health Service and the Sterilization of Native American Women.† Lawrence reports how two teenage girls had their tubes tied without their consent after undergoing appendectomies at an Indian Health Service (IHS) hospital in Montana. Also, a young American Indian woman visited a doctor asking for a â€Å"womb transplant,† apparently unaware that no such procedure exists and that the hysterectomy she’d had earlier meant that she and her husband would never have biological children. â€Å"What happened to these three females was a common occurrence during the 1960s and 1970s,† Lawrence states. â€Å"Native Americans accused the Indian Health Service of sterilizing at least 25 percent of Native American women who were between the ages of 15 and 44 during the 1970s.† Lawrence reports that Native American women say INS officials did not give them complete information about sterilization procedures, coerced them to sign paperwork consenting to such procedures and gave them improper consent forms, to name a few. Lawrence says Native American women were targeted for sterilization because they had higher birthrates than white women and that white male doctors used minority women to gain expertise in performing gynecological procedures, among other dubious reasons. Cecil Adams of the Straight Dope website has questioned whether as many Native American women were sterilized as Lawrence cited in her piece. However, he does not deny that women of color were indeed targets of sterilization. Those women who were sterilized reportedly suffered greatly. Many marriages ended in divorce and the development of mental health problems ensued.

How Computer And Software Systems Essay - 1218 Words

I have always wanted a career that deals with computer science. Working with computers in general is interesting to me. This is the way it has always been. I have gone back and forth and chose other things over the years, but I always go back to a career with technology. I want to learn more about how computers function and how to manage computer and software systems. I also want to learn the different programming languages and how to put code into a computer. I want to be able to have a job that I like and will enjoy and that I will want to go to everyday when I drive to work. I hope I can work for a company that I enjoy working at. If I did not like to work at that company, I would probably hate my job. I think being a computer software engineer will be interesting. I would love to work for the company Youtube. The company is in San Bruno, California. It would be a huge change for me since that would be my first time living alone away from family and friends. My mom and dad will mo st likely want to visit me from time to time while I live out in California. Also, there are many earthquakes there in California. This could be a huge problem. If I can no longer handle these earthquakes then I could always move back to Tennessee or to somewhere else that is more calm. Youtube is my Hutton 2 first choice for when I become a computer software engineer. If I do not get a job there or it does not work out then I would like to work for Google or Apple. Those are my second andShow MoreRelatedWhat s An Operating System? Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesOperating System? An operating system (OS) is a software program that enables the computer hardware to communicate and operate with the computer software. OS is the software that supports a computer s basic functions, such as scheduling tasks, executing applications, and controlling peripherals. 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Job Outsourcing’s Effects on the Economic Growth Free Essays

The outsourcing of Jobs affects the economic growth of a country both positively and actively, for capitalists it is a welcoming deed but for a common citizen, still it is a nightmare. Outsourcing in Canada creates many controversies about Canadian economic growth. Mainly IT companies and auto mobile companies are outsourcing their Jobs in Canada, banking sectors are also doing the same. We will write a custom essay sample on Job Outsourcing’s Effects on the Economic Growth or any similar topic only for you Order Now When it comes to economy of the country, these business organizations which are doing outsourcing can contribute more revenue to the government. But, always a good economic stability can be achieved by ensuring the economic status of a common citizen. In those terms, we can’t say that outsourcing always shows a positive sign to the economic development of a country. According to the Dun Broadsheet barometer of global outsourcing, more than 30 cents of every outsourcing dollar is related with information technology expenses. Based on their survey, in 1999 IT field spent more than $7 billion for its own outsourcing only. This shows an increment of 10 % or $700 million than the year 1998 (Joanne, Mar R, 1998). This sort of increments in spending on outsourcing shows that, companies are interested to subcontracting their Jobs, which means they are profitable by this deed. It improves the revenue of he company in low investments, this revenue hike may result in the Canadian economic growth and in a long run government of Canada also become the beneficiaries of this income in terms of taxes and insurance (Unknown, 2014). But the remarkable thing is that, this income may not be able to maintain the Gross National Product of the country. If we apply the principle of virtuous cycle in this case, we can identify that the companies which are outsourcing their Jobs are working on the basis of virtuous cycle. In less payment they are making more money and automatically the government also become a part of this virtuous cycle. For example, Sears Canada Ltd. Outsource their telemarketing and call centre services to an American company called Dial America Inc. Since 1995 and they also give the same Jobs to Philippines, according to the company’s vision, they improved their customer services and telemarketing functions in a cost effective manner. This process improved the financial status and customer satisfaction of the company, eventually it reflects in the economic growth of Canada (Dotson, Sandy, 1997). On the other hands, outsourcing is a threat to the economic growth of the country, mainly in the case of unemployment. The recent surveys show that the rate unemployment has been increased than the rate in 2009 recession. One of the major reasons for this joblessness is outsourcing. A lion share of the works of Canadian banks and Canadian financial services were done by Indian information technologists, Bank of Nova Scotia, Royal Bank of Canada and AD Canada trust are the major clients of Indian IT tycoons such as ‘Gate and DATA consultancy services (Unknown, 2014) Unifier Swan, 2013). This kind of over outsourcing results in unemployment and naturally it affects the standard of living of the common people in the country. According to the words of Ermine Willingly, a senior economist, found that, a number of people were earn an average annual income of $30000 to $60000, but due to the outsourcing they lose their income quickly and all those people fell in a jeopardy. Those people may suffer homelessness and bankruptcy; it will put a citizen into trouble, and the economic status of this kind of people may affect the total economy of the country Unifier Swan, 2013). For example, last year 41 employees in Canadian imperial bank of commerce (CIVIC) lost their Job due to IT outsourcing. In the same way AD bank also announces the replacement of its 100 employees and RIB also were in the same risk in the case of 45 employees (CB News, 2013). Along with that, several problems such as slackening of managerial control, hidden cost in production or services and the quality problems are the another demerits of Job outsourcing. Security and confidentiality threat is the another major disadvantages of job outsourcing, for example, a new concept, design of a products, documents of employees etc. (Buick, 2014). These all disadvantages may affect a country economic stability directly or indirectly. When it comes to the application of virtuous cycle in his case, it will not work well with the unemployed community in the country. Because, here in this case, people lost their Jobs and they don’t have the capacity to enjoy the facilities or customer services that provided by the multinational firms. This means, most of the Canadian companies are accepting subcontracts to increase their productivity by cost cutting, and they are trying to reach their product to common people, but most of this citizens are the persons who were thrown out from these companies. In that manner they don’t have the capacity to avail the services provided by these companies. So, still the principle of virtuous cycle is works with the firms and it works opposite to the Canadian community. To put it in a nut shell, outsourcing can make both the positive and negative effects in the economic development of a country. How to cite Job Outsourcing’s Effects on the Economic Growth, Papers

Kiss Kiss Essay Example For Students

Kiss Kiss Essay Text Response1) Which of the story did you find most enjoyable? Why?I like William and Mary because it was about the brain and it was very interesting how Henry kept the brain and the eye alive, and the detail of the operation in the letter to Mary after William had past away. 2) Which story did you find most disturbing? Why? Pig was the most disturbing story I found because at the end of the story Lexington got hook delibetly on the foot by a worker and got miniced my the pig mincer. 3) Summarize two storise. The way up to heaven:In this story called ?The way up to heaven.? Mrs Foster had a fear of missing the train, plan and the boat. One day Mrs Foster was anxious to go to Pairs to see her Daughter. Mrs Foster was ready to go to the airport but Mr Foster wasnt. After 5 minutes later he came down from the study. When they got to the airport the plan was cancels too enliven oclock the next day. That next day it happen again Mr Foster was later again. Once they got in the car Mr Foster was looking for a gift. He went back in the house. But Mrs Foster found it in the back of the car, so she was going inside but she heard a noise. But Mrs Foster left him and went to the airport. Six weeks later She came back home, but they were a whole heap of letters in the letterbox. Mrs Foster wants inside and could small a funny smell. She wanted up go up the elevater but it was stuck half way.PigIn this story Pig a boy called Lexington was born and shortly after his broth his parents was shout by the po lice while breaking into their own house because there were lock out. So after they death Lexington went to his Aunty to live. His Aunty was a vegetarian and so Lexington grew up to be one as well. The time had come for Lexington to go to school but his Aunt didnt like him going to school because she would miss him, so his Aunt was going to teach him every thing that he would of lean in school. Lexington was good at same things, but he was realy was good at cooking Vegetarian meals. Every day for the next seven-year Lexington would cook a new meal and he would write the recipe in a cookbook that he would publish when he was older. But one day his Aunt was very sick and she died. Lexington had to go to the Lawes office to get some money. After that he went and had lunch in a restaurant. He wants to have some meat because he never had some before. So he got some pork. He likes it and wanted to know were pork came form so he ask the chief. He went to the place were the pork came from, he had went on a tour and that showed were the pig were killed. The tour guide stops and showed were the pig got hook and lifted up in to the mincer. All of a sudden Lexington was hook a lifted up into the mincer. 4) Select one of the stories and change the ending completely. The LandladyThis is my ending:?You did sign the book, didnt youOh, not yet.?Thats ok, because later on, if the ploice come look for you they would just have to look the gest book and they would know that you was not here.?And why would the ploice come looking for me hear when I will be leaving tomrrow.?That what you think Billy, she said. And laugh 5) Choose one of the film versions of one of the ?Kiss Kiss stories and spot the diffrerences between the book and the movies stories?6) What is your overall response to the Collection? Which stories would you recommend to other readers and why? I think that the hole of the book was very good. But some of the storeys dragged on a little bit. I would recommend William and Mary because the detail of the operation. .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .postImageUrl , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:hover , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:visited , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:active { border:0!important; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:active , .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063 .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue6c94b1a5270aeb282e9a611d610e063:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oedipus Rex6 Essay7) Look up the word ?ironic in the dictionary. Using or displaying irony or in the nature of irony. 8) Look up the word ?Genesis in the dictionary. The origin, or mode of formation or generation, of a thing. 9) Why is ?Georgy Pory a good title for the story?10) Choose 2 of your favorite character from any of the stories and decribe them?I like Mr Foster because he would like to be a little bit late for his wife just so she would thing that she would miss the plan. I also like Mrs Foster because in the end she could not take it any more of Mr Foster games so she just left him. 11) Select a story. Then look for a dialogue and changes it into a play. Mrs Bixby and the Colonels CoatThe Shopkeeper (S)Mrs Bixby (B)Mrs Bixby in the shop:S: ?Name? B: ?leaves that out. And the address.She saw the man pause, and she saw the nib of the pen hovering over the dotted line. B: ?You dont have to put the name and address, do you?The man shrugged and shook his head and the pen-nib moved on down to the next line. B: ?Its just that Id rather not, its purely personal.S: ?Youd better not lose this ticket, then.B: ?I wont lose it.S: ?You realize that anyone who gets hold of it can come in and claim the article?B: ?Yes, I know that.S: ?Simply on the number.B: ?Yes I know.S: ?What do you want to me to put for description.B: ?No description either, thank you. Its not necessary. Just put the amount Im borrowing. The pen-nib hesitated again, hovering over the dotted line beside the word ARTICLE. S: ?I think you ought to put a description. A description is always a help if you want to sell it sometime.B: ?I dont want to sell it.S: ?You might have to. Lots of people do.B: ?Look, Im not broke, if thats what you mean. I simply lost my purse. Dont you understand?S: ?You have it your own way then, it your coat.